◂ Signal

The Base Station

Full HF base station for long-range and global communication. General-class license unlocks the HF bands where signals bounce off the ionosphere and land hundreds or thousands of miles away — no repeaters, no infrastructure, no internet required. This is how you reach another Ark across the continent when everything between you is down.

Footprint Desktop + antenna mastDesk or shelf for transceiver, outdoor space for wire antenna or vertical Yield 500–10,000+ kmHF skywave propagation, continental to global depending on band and conditions Cycle Always onHousehold power or solar. Antenna is permanent installation.
Cost tier substantialDifficulty seasonLand yardFirst benefit ~30 days

① Choose your build

Every build below is complete on its own. Pick the one that fits your space and budget.

Wire StartENTRY$600–900

A capable HF station built around a used or entry-level transceiver and a wire antenna you hang between two trees or a tree and your house. This is how most HF operators started for the last 50 years and it still works. Wire antennas are cheap, effective, and nearly invisible.

License upgrade
FCC General-class license exam$35

Requires passing the Technician exam first (The License Rig). The General exam is 35 more questions covering HF regulations, propagation, and basic circuit theory. Study 3-6 weeks. Same $35 fee. Opens 83% of all amateur HF frequencies.

if you prefer… (1)
Extra-class exam$35 (same session)Can be taken the same day as General. Opens all amateur frequencies. Harder math. Worth it if you are ready.
Transceiver
Yaesu FT-891 (HF + 6m, 100W, compact)~$500

Small, rugged, 100W output, built-in tuner. Fits on a shelf or in a vehicle. The most portable full-power HF rig available. No frills — just a solid radio that works.

if you prefer… (2)
Icom IC-7300~$1,100Built-in spectrum display, superior receiver, easier to operate. The modern standard. Desk-bound — not portable.
Used Yaesu FT-450D or Kenwood TS-590~$400–600 usedPrevious-generation workhorses. Excellent radios at half price on the used market. Check ham radio swap meets and QRZ classifieds.
Antenna
40/20m trapped dipole (wire, ~66ft total)~$40 DIY / ~$80 kit

Two most productive HF bands in one antenna. String between two trees, a tree and your house, or two poles at 25-35ft. Feed with coax to your desk. Total cost: wire, insulators, a balun, and an afternoon.

if you prefer… (2)
End-fed half-wave (EFHW) multi-band~$100–150Single wire, one support point, covers 80-10m. Easier to install than a dipole. Needs a matching transformer.
Vertical (ground-mounted or roof)~$150–300Omnidirectional, no trees needed, works in open terrain. Requires radials or ground plane.
Feedline
RG-8X coax, 50ft + PL-259 connectors~$30

Runs from antenna feed point to your transceiver. Keep it as short as practical — every foot of coax loses signal. Weatherproof connections at the antenna end.

if you prefer… (1)
LMR-400 low-loss coax~$60 for 50ftLess signal loss on longer runs. Heavier and stiffer but worth it over 75ft.
Tuner
Built-in (FT-891) or MFJ-939 auto-tuner$0 (built-in) / ~$120 (external)

Matches your antenna to the radio across bands. The FT-891 has a basic internal tuner. An external auto-tuner handles wider mismatches and protects your finals.

Power supply
Switching power supply 13.8V 30A (Powerwerx SS-30DV or similar)~$80

Converts household AC to the 13.8V DC your transceiver needs. 30A handles 100W transmit with headroom. Runs cool and quiet.

if you prefer… (1)
12V LiFePO4 battery + solar~$300–500Grid-independent operation. A 100Ah LiFePO4 battery and 200W panel runs an HF station indefinitely.

Full StationRECOMMENDED$1,500–2,500

A permanent, daily-use base station with a modern transceiver, a proper antenna system, digital mode capability (FT8 and Winlink), and power backup. This is the station you sit down at every evening, work the bands, send email without internet, and maintain long-range contacts across the continent. Built to last decades.

License
General or Extra class (same as Wire Start)$35–70

General opens 83% of HF. Extra opens everything. Either is sufficient for this station.

Transceiver
Icom IC-7300 (HF + 6m, 100W, SDR architecture)~$1,100

Built-in spectrum scope shows band activity in real time. Direct-sampling SDR receiver — best in class for the price. USB audio interface built in for digital modes. The radio most General-class operators wish they had started with.

if you prefer… (2)
Yaesu FT-DX10~$1,200Hybrid SDR, dual-band receive, contestgrade filtering. Comparable to IC-7300 with different ergonomics.
Icom IC-7610~$2,800Dual independent receivers, true dual-watch. Professional-grade. For operators who will use it daily for years.
Antenna system
Fan dipole (40/20/15/10m) or multi-band EFHW at 35ft+~$80–150 DIY

A fan dipole uses multiple wire elements from a single feed point — one per band. Higher is better. 35ft minimum, 50ft is transformative. A multi-band EFHW achieves similar coverage with a single wire and a transformer.

if you prefer… (2)
Hex beam or small Yagi on a mast~$500–1,000 + mastDirectional gain on 20-6m. Rotatable. Significant performance advantage but requires a mast and rotor.
SteppIR vertical~$800Motorized tunable vertical. Covers all HF bands from a single antenna. Small footprint.
Feedline + lightning
LMR-400 coax, 75ft + grounding block + surge arrestor~$100

Low-loss feedline for permanent installation. Ground the coax shield at building entry. Surge arrestor inline protects the transceiver. Disconnect during electrical storms.

Tuner
External auto-tuner (LDG AT-600ProII or similar)~$150

Handles wider impedance range than internal tuners. Auto-tunes in under a second when you change bands. Protects your transceiver finals from high SWR.

Digital interface
USB cable (IC-7300 has built-in audio codec) + laptop running WSJT-X and Winlink~$0 (software) + existing laptop

WSJT-X runs FT8 — a digital mode that gets through when voice cannot. Signals decoded at -20dB below the noise floor. Winlink sends and receives email over radio with zero internet. Both are free software.

if you prefer… (1)
Dedicated Winlink Raspberry Pi~$60Always-on Winlink gateway. Checks for messages automatically. Runs headless.
Power supply + backup
Linear power supply 13.8V 30A + 100Ah LiFePO4 battery~$120 (supply) + ~$250 (battery)

Primary power from the grid via linear supply (quieter than switching, less RF interference). Battery backup for when the grid fails — a 100Ah LiFePO4 runs the station for 8-12 hours of normal use at reduced power (50W).

if you prefer… (1)
Add 200W solar panel~$150Indefinite off-grid operation. Panel charges battery during the day; station runs from battery at night.
Logging + reference
Log4OM or N1MM logger (free) + ARRL band plan chart$0

Log every contact: callsign, frequency, mode, signal report, time. Logging is not bureaucracy — it is how you learn propagation patterns. The band plan chart goes on the wall above your station.

③ The Sequence

⑤ The Echo

The Ionosphere Is Your Repeater20 min

Every other rig in the Signal domain operates line-of-sight. Your FRS radio, your Meshtastic node, your VHF handheld — they all need a clear path between transmitter and receiver, and when a hill or a building or the curvature of the earth gets in the way, the signal stops. Range is measured in kilometers. HF changes the physics. Below 30 MHz, radio waves do not just travel in straight lines — they bend upward into the ionosphere, a layer of charged particles 80-300 km above the earth, and bounce back down. The signal lands hundreds or thousands of miles from where it started. No repeater. No infrastructure. No tower on a hilltop. Just your wire antenna, a hundred watts, and the sun-charged atmosphere doing what it has done since Marconi. This is why The Base Station exists in the Ark. Not because it is better than Meshtastic for property communication — it is not. Not because it replaces your VHF handheld for local coordination — it does not. The Base Station exists because it is the only rig that works when everything between you and help is gone. When the cell towers are down, the internet is out, the repeaters have lost power, and the mesh network cannot reach past your valley — HF reaches past the horizon. 20 meters during the day will carry your voice from coast to coast. 40 meters at night covers a 1000-mile radius reliably. FT8, a digital mode that decodes signals buried in noise, extends that range with five watts and a wire. Winlink sends email over radio to any email address on earth, routed through a network of volunteer gateway stations. The ionosphere is not reliable the way a cell tower is reliable. It changes with the time of day, the season, and the eleven-year solar cycle. Learning to read it is a skill that takes months. But it is always there. It does not need power. It does not need maintenance. It does not belong to any company or government. And when every other layer of communication has failed, it is the layer that remains. The Base Station is your longest reach. Everything else in Signal handles the first 50 miles. This handles the next 5000.

Winlink — Email After the Internet14 min

Email is the communication backbone of modern life — and it stops working the moment your internet connection does. No ISP, no email. No cell service, no email. No power to the data center, no email. Winlink is email that runs on radio. The system works like this: you compose a message on your computer using Winlink Express, a free application that looks and feels like a basic email client. Your computer connects to your HF transceiver. The software encodes your message into audio tones and transmits them over the air to a Winlink gateway station — a volunteer-operated station connected to the internet. The gateway forwards your message as a normal email to any email address in the world. Replies come back the same way: the gateway holds them until you connect and download. The free VARA HF modem sends and receives at roughly 200 characters per second — not fast, but functional. A short message takes 30 seconds to transmit. An email with a small attachment takes a few minutes. It is not streaming video. It is a lifeline. During hurricanes, wildfires, and earthquakes, Winlink has carried welfare traffic when every other communication system was down. FEMA, the Red Cross, and the Department of Defense all use Winlink. It is not a hobby curiosity — it is tested, operational infrastructure maintained by thousands of volunteer operators worldwide. Setting it up takes an afternoon. You need your General-class license, an HF transceiver connected to a computer, and the free Winlink Express software. Practice by sending yourself a test email from HF. Find your nearest gateway stations and save their frequencies. Send a message to a friend and have them reply. When the internet goes dark, your ability to send a message to someone outside your radio range — to a family member in another state, to an emergency coordinator, to anyone with an email address — depends on whether you set up Winlink before you needed it. Like every rig in the Ark, the tool only works if you have practiced with it. The afternoon you spend configuring it is the afternoon that buys you communication when nothing else works.

⑥ Feeds

How this rig connects to the rest of the Ark.

Signal · The Base Station · signal/base-station Offline? Same path on any Ark Mirror.